Raiders of the Lost Ark (Steven Spielberg, USA 1981) Essay

Raiders of the Lost Ark (Steven Spielberg, USA 1981) Harrison Ford stars in the film Raiders of the Lost Ark as a character called Indiana Jones. The opening sequence has left Indiana’s character mysterious to the audience but throughout this sequence we understand his character as bold, cool, calm and a collected leader, but as the sequence develops and the scene changes we see another side to Indiana, an intellectual man who dresses smartly and doesn’t seem cool anymore. From the opening sequence we know that this film is an action/adventure because it is packed with excitement, violence and close encounters with death. The mise en scene or what the audience see and hear plays an important†¦show more content†¦The positioning of the characters is important because they are in a line one behind another this shows the leader of the group is at the front and therefore the most important. As they get deeper into the jungle it is noticeable the screen changes from wide screen to take up the entire screen this is done to make the audience feel that they are getting deeper into the jungle. Shafts of sunlight through trees are used to make their adventure mysterious and because little light is used it makes it dark and shadowy to make the characters more heroic. As they are walking through the jungle there are noticeable difference between the three characters, the leader is wearing a leather jacket, a hat and is wearing a whip whereas the two people following have rather worn down shabby clothes and are carrying lots of equipment. This makes Indiana look as if he knows what he is doing whereas the porters seem as if they didn’t want to come and aren’t prepared. This is also reflected in their body language, Indiana seems tough and courageous whereas the porters seem nervous and anxious. The fact that Indiana isn’t carrying anything whereas the porters are carrying lots of tools suggest two things that Indiana is the leader and perhaps he has hired them which suggests he is well off. Indiana’sShow MoreRelatedThe Transformation of the Hero in the Film, Raiders of the Lost Ark1108 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Transformation of Hero in Raiders of Lost Ark Raiders of the Lost Ark is the 1981 film that follows renowned archeologist and professor Indiana Jones as he races against time and Nazis to uncover one of the greatest treasures believed to be in existence, the Ark of the Covenant. In this film, Indiana Jones fulfills the role of the hero and as such must fulfill certain tasks that will prove his heroic qualities. In The Heros Journey of Self-Transformation: Models of Higher Development from MythologyRead More Steven Spielberg Biography Essay example2581 Words   |  11 PagesSteven Spielberg Biography Steven Spielberg: Revolutionary and Visionary Who would have thought that a brilliant career in filmmaking could have originated with a modest jar of Skippy Peanut Butter smeared on a neighbor’s window in a tiny Cincinnati suburb? One might not think that such an average boyhood prank could evolve a boy into a man who would become the most financially successful film director in history. Well, that is exactly where Leah Spielberg, Steven Spielberg’s mother

Orthopedic Surgeon, Neurologist, and Plastic Surgeon Essay

In life there are an infinite number of career opportunities for people to pursue in so many different, vast, and constantly evolving fields. It is important for a person to look ahead for the future and think of jobs that might interest them. Investigating potential careers allows a person to set a course for the future depending on what qualifications one might need to be successful in a certain career. Every job has its pros and cons, but ultimately if one does not like what they do then they may have picked the wrong career path. This is why it is important to research potential careers to see if one could see themselves enjoying something like that. Some jobs such as Orthopedic Surgeon, Neurologist, and Plastic Surgeon are very†¦show more content†¦If the injury is severe enough the surgeon may have to surgically fix the problem. The work performed by orthopedic surgeons may involve using screws, wires, and pins to set bones into proper alignment, or replacing joints wi th prosthetic devices (â€Å"Job Description.† Orthopedic Surgeon). With today’s technology some injuries can be surgically fixed and be stronger than before the injury occurred. An Orthopedic Surgeon could expect to make in excess of $166,400 annually, and have related jobs of Allergist, Cardiologist, Family Physician, Doctor, and Dermatologist (â€Å"Job Description.† Orthopedic Surgeon). A second career one could pursue is becoming a Neurologist. A Neurologists schooling is identical to that of an Orthopedic Surgeons. The education to become a Neurologist starts with at least 3 years of a bachelor’s degree; including several required science courses is the minimum schooling a person may have to be accepted into medical school (â€Å"Job Description.† Neurologist). Same as an Orthopedic Surgeon, the person would take the Medical College Admission Test (MCAT) before applying to medical school. Once graduating the aspiring Doctor of Medicine (MD) w ill need to complete five years of residency. After completing residency, to become a board certified neurologist, one must pass the exams set by the American Board of Psychiatry and Neurology (â€Å"JobShow MoreRelatedBranches of Medicine: Orthopedics846 Words   |  3 Pages Orthopedics is the branch of medicine dealing with the correlation of deformities of bones or other muscles. Orthopedic doctors specialize in the diagnosis and treatment of the musculoskeletal system. Now days, many orthopedic surgeons use surgical and non-surgical means to treat muscular trauma, sports injuries, degenerative diseases, infections, tumors, and congenital conditions. The musculoskeletal system provides form, stability, and movement to the human body (Orthopedics-bones, joint, ligamentsRead MoreDiffrent Type of Doctors1412 Words   |  6 Pagesprovides medical care to premature and critically ill newborn babies. Nephrologist: The doctor who treats kidney diseases and problems. Neurologist: These are doctors who treat one of the most delicate and important organs of the body, the brain. They treat conditions like seizures, strokes, Parkinsons, Alzheimers, etc. Neurosurgeon: These are surgeons who treat central and peripheral nervous system diseases that can be cured or controlled to some extent with mechanical intervention. Obstetrician:Read MoreEveryone Needs Good Personal Health1063 Words   |  5 PagesEpidemiologist Gynecologist Immunologist, Infectious Disease Specialist, Internal Medicine Specialist, Medical Geneticist, Microbiologist, Neonatologist, Neurologist, Neurosurgeon, Obstetrician, Oncologist, Orthopedic Surgeon, ENT Specialist, Pediatrician, Physiologist, Plastic Surgeon, Podiatrist, Psychiatrist, Radiologist, Rheumatologist, Surgeon, Urologist. With all the careers in the health field, it is hard for me to choose just one. There are several I found interesting . One of these careersRead MoreCerebral Palsy (cp) is one of the most common physical disabilities in the United States, defined3100 Words   |  13 Pageshave learning impairments while others do. And each case is never the same. Understanding of the condition gradually grew, thanks to the efforts of various doctors. The first description of cerebral palsy dated back to circa 1861 when an English surgeon named Dr. William John Little observed some children having unusual stiffness in their legs. The legs did not coordinate well with the body and it never worsened over time. Little theorized that this condition was caused by difficult birth. From thereRead MoreOrganization Structure of Yashoda Hospital5398 Words   |  22 Pageshospital stay, and is cost effective. Neurology The centre for Neurology at Yashoda is committed to provide the highest standards of surgical non-invasive treatment based on latest technologies and procedures. The centre is headed by world-class neurologists and neurosurgeons and ably supported by a very competent clinical staff. Yashoda is among the first and very few centers in Andhra Pradesh to introduce Intra-arterial Thrombolytic Therapy for Acute Ischemic Stroke. Oncology This branch is

Pritur Free Essays

PRITUR Market – aggregate of people who as individuals or organizations have needs or services and who have the ability, willingness and authority to purchase such products Marketing – is all about finding out what guests wants and needs are, then providing them at a reasonable cost and profit. Sales- is an important part of marketing. Difference between marketing and sales. We will write a custom essay sample on Pritur or any similar topic only for you Order Now Marketing focuses on the guests Sales it focuses on products Environmental analysis – means studying the economic social, political and technological influences that could affect the hospitality business. Focuses on: 1. Economic impact – should not be underestimated. 2. Social analysis – demographic is a part of social analysis and this is the profile of society includes: Age, sex, household, income, family size, occupation, religion, race and nationality. 3. Political analysis – the political analysis will affect the hospitality in a number of ways like: employment registration, minimum wage, health care, taxes on the benefit package, tax deduction, and no smoking laws. 4. Technological analysis – to make work faster and easier. 5. Competitor analysis – analysing the strength and weakness of your competitor. Marketing process: 1. Market planning – it is the planning process that yields the decision on a business unit can best compete in the market. 2. Market assessment – to determine if there is a need for a product or service in the market encloses its potential. 3. Market demand – 4. Competitive analysis – assessment the strength and weakness of the company. 5. Positioning – to occupy a specific place or position to the target market. 6. Market goals or objectives – an objective must be planned for each goal. Any form of a business has its own goal. 7. Marketing Needs – is the combination of elements that you will use to market your product. The four P`s of marketing: 1. The place – location. 2. The product – the needs and wants of the target market. 3. The promotion – it include the technique for communicating the products. Advertising – is any form of paid or non personal communication used by an identified sponsor to persuade or to inform certain audience about a product. Form of advertising: 1. Personal selling – form of sales. 2. Sales promotion – include offering inducements to buyers. 3. Public relation – include all communication aimed at increasing goodwill in the user communities. Publicity – is the organization communication with the public. * Packaging – is when organization combines two or more items or activities. * Programming – a complete program of events is planned. 4. People – are the important part of marketing mix. this is considered to be the key service component of the tourism industry. 8. Action Plan – it creates action plan based on the 4 P`s. 9. Performance evaluation – evaluating actual operations against expected performance is an ongoing process and lets an organization how well it has done compared with how well it said it would to. budget vs. Actual expenses, investigate variants, take corrective actions. Market segmentation – is the marketing process of dividing a market into distinct subsets that behave in the same way or have similar needs. 1. Business to business – involves selling of product with other agencies. 2. Business to consumer – involves the selling of product directly to the costumer. Niche market – also called as specialty market is can be categorized as a consumer or industrialized market. How to cite Pritur, Essay examples

Cultural Competence in Healthcare for Beliefs - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theCultural Competence in Healthcare for Beliefs. Answer: The initial observation that are generally found in a environment that are multicultural, it obviously becomes majorly important for the people living in that culture and in the working environment to understand what is the actual meaning of multicultural. Multicultural is mostly understood as a vast paradigm of the various groups that can come together without any prior form of prejudice. While comparing or ranking they are seen as equals but they obviously does not deny any of the distinctive perspectives of the group they belong to them (Holland, 2017). Depending upon the several form of multicultural environment it becomes very much apparent that there will be huge range of the values of the culture, beliefs and behaviours, which generally shapes an individuals way of thinking and doing things in day-to-day life (Holland, 2017). The crux of the situation becomes that the multicultural environment shapes the mindset and behaviour of the individual. However, it becomes very important for the healthcare professionals to have a clear head, be rational towards the every patient, and treat them with their own sort of understanding. They cannot be biased towards any race, culture or any religion. This can be personal or within the working environment. A way in which someone or a group looks for the understanding of their world about them as per the value, stance, picture or the perspective about life or the world is called a World View (Moran, Harris Moran, 2011). In this discussion, my focus will be on three main elements, which will include values, beliefs and behaviours and will discuss how they may affect in a multicultural environment for health care industry. The journey to be culturally competent begins when we tend to recognize that all of us are born and raised for having a peaceful living in the social, organisational and form of cultures (Deans et al., 2016). The culture generally shapes our assumptions, beliefs, behaviours and values. However, when we all have the interaction with our external environment, the similarities and the differences between the expectations of our own cultures that tends to make the interactions both in a very challenging and in a more interesting way. In the form of setting of the health, some of the challenges are to be met only if we are able to provide assessable, aapropiate and equitable, appropriate and accessible services to our entire client (Holdaway et al., 2015). The person who understands their own cultures are obviously more sensitive towards the cultures of others. The staffs who are culturally competent generally provides the care services that are based on the understanding of the care services they provide to the patients. They are competent enough to acknowledge their cultures and understands their challenges. The practioners of the Community care needs to develop a broad understanding of their various nursing practices and the basic nursing skills, knowledge, attitudes, perspectives and practices that can enhance the cultural competence and always directs their relationships with their patients as well as their co team memebers (Huff, Kline Peterson, 2014). My personal observation portrays that the level of competence of the healthcare professionals affects both the clients and the staff. The clients tend to feel that they are being ignored and they are not so important and they feel more dismissed as they have not received any optimum form of services (Huff, Kline Peterson, 2014). This is because they are different from others in terms of their race, ethnicity, language and therefore, it becomes very difficult for the clients to form any trust towards the practitioner and the service. My observation infers that the competent staffs who has no biasness towards their patients always gives proper satisfaction to their clients and that gives health outcomes that are for the better use as per the time of the staff and the clients. The cultural competence always tends to have the benefit to everyone (Connell, 2013). I feel that it is important for the individual to have the competency of the culture is the core quality that are cantered towards the patients that have always given the proper form of satisfaction for the patients that have directly affects how the care has been delivered and received. The Institute of Medical report observes that there are unequal forms of treatment that are continuously confronting the racial and the ethnic disparities in healthcare. In addition, there are various initiative taken for the improvement of the satisfaction of the patient (Huff, Kline Peterson, 2014). It has also been observed that by delivering the culturally competent form of care can increase the satisfaction of the job and contributes as an essential factor for the retention of the staff (Huff, Kline Peterson, 2014). Coming to the cultures of India, the people of India are very adjusting in nature. The healthcare professionals who have come from Indian cultures are more competent (Huff, Kline Peterson, 2014). They generally do not discriminate the persons with their caste race and ethnicity. They are generous towards their clients and have are respectful towards everybody. I feel that Indian cultures have that stability in them that they can be humble towards every individual they serve (McMurray Clendon, 2015). They are rational in every decision they take. They do not have any biasness towards any culture and they serve every individual as equal. In fact, healthcare sectors should have practioners who are not rational and who cannot adjust to the diversified cultures of the national. The major role of the healthcare practioners is to serve the ill patients regardless of their race, caste and ethnicity (Huff, Kline Peterson, 2014). References Connell, J. (2013). Contemporary medical tourism: Conceptualisation, culture and commodification.Tourism Management,34, 1-13. Deans, E. G., Thomas, S. L., Daube, M., Derevensky, J., Gordon, R. (2016). Creating symbolic cultures of consumption: an analysis of the content of sports wagering advertisements in Australia.BMC public health,16(1), 208. Holdaway, J., Levitt, P., Fang, J., Rajaram, N. (2015). Mobility and health sector development in China and India.Social Science Medicine,130, 268-276. Holland, K. (2017).Cultural awareness in nursing and health care: an introductory text. CRC Press. Huff, R. M., Kline, M. V., Peterson, D. V. (Eds.). (2014).Health promotion in multicultural populations: A handbook for practitioners and students. SAGE publications. McMurray, A., Clendon, J. (2015).Community Health and Wellness-E-book: Primary Health Care in Practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. Moodie, R., Stuckler, D., Monteiro, C., Sheron, N., Neal, B., Thamarangsi, T., ... Lancet NCD Action Group. (2013). Profits and pandemics: prevention of harmful effects of tobacco, alcohol, and ultra-processed food and drink industries.The Lancet,381(9867), 670-679. Walton-Roberts, M. (2015). International migration of health professionals and the marketization and privatization of health education in India: from pushpull to global political economy.Social Science Medicine,124, 374-382.

Beowulf An epic Hero essays

Beowulf An epic Hero essays The epic poem Beowulf describes the most heroic man of the Anglo-Saxon times. The hero, Beowulf, is a seemingly invincible person with all the extraordinary traits required of a hero. He is able to use his super-human physical strength and courage to put his people before himself. He encounters hideous monsters and the most ferocious of beasts but he never fears the threat of death. His leadership skills are superb and he is even able to boast about all his achievements. Beowulf is the ultimate epic hero who risks his life countless times for immortal glory and for the Beowulf is a hero in the eyes of his fellow men through his amazing physical strength. He fought in numerous battles and returned victorious from all but his last. In his argument with Unferth, Beowulf explains the reason he "lost" a simple swimming match with his youthful opponent Brecca. Not only had Beowulf been swimming for seven nights, he had also stopped to kill nine sea creatures in the depths of the ocean. Beowulf is also strong enough to kill the monster Grendel, who has been terrorizing the Danes for twelve years, with his bare hands by ripping off his arm. When Beowulf is fighting Grendel's mother, who is seeking revenge on her son's death, he is able to slay her by slashing the monster's neck with a Giant's sword that can only be lifted by a person as strong as Beowulf. When he chops off her head, he carries it from the ocean with ease, but it takes four men to lift and carry it back to Herot mead-hall. This strength is a key trait of Beowulf's heroism. Another heroic trait of Beowulf is his ability to put his peoples welfare before his own. Beowulf's uncle is king of the Geats so he is sent as an emissary to help rid the Danes of the evil Grendel. Beowulf risks his own life for the Danes, asking help from no one. He realizes the dangers but fears nothing for his own ...

About the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

About the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Created under the Federal Aviation Act of 1958, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) functions as a regulatory agency under the U.S. Department of Transportation with a primary mission of ensuring the safety of civil aviation. Civil aviation includes all non-military, private and commercial aviation activities, including aerospace activities. The FAA also works closely with the U.S. military to ensure the safe operation of military aircraft in public airspace across the nation. Primary Responsibilities of the FAA Include: Regulating civil aviation to promote safety within the U.S. and abroad. The FAA exchanges information with foreign aviation authorities; certifies foreign aviation repair shops, air crews, and mechanics; provides technical aid and training; negotiates bilateral airworthiness agreements with other countries; and takes part in international conferences.Encouraging and developing civil aeronautics, including new aviation technology.Developing and operating a system of air traffic control and navigation for both civil and military aircraft.Researching and developing the National Airspace System and civil aeronautics.Developing and carrying out programs to control aircraft noise and other environmental effects of civil aviation,Regulating U.S. commercial space transportation. The FAA licenses commercial space launch facilities and private launches of space payloads on expendable launch vehicles. Investigation of aviation incidents, accidents and disasters is conducted by the National Transportation Safety Board, an independent government agency. Organization of the FAAAn administrator manages FAA, assisted by a Deputy Administrator. Five Associate Administrators report to the Administrator and direct the line-of-business organizations that carry out the agencys principle functions. The Chief Counsel and nine Assistant Administrators also report to the Administrator. The Assistant Administrators oversee other key programs such as Human Resources, Budget, and System Safety. We also have nine geographical regions and two major centers, the Mike Monroney Aeronautical Center and the William J. Hughes Technical Center. FAA History What would become the FAA was born in 1926 with passage of the Air Commerce Act. The law established the framework of the modern FAA by directing the Cabinet-level Department of Commerce with promoting commercial aviation, issuing and enforcing air traffic rules, licensing pilots, certifying aircraft, establishing airways, and operating and maintaining systems to help pilots navigate the skies. The Commerce Department’s new Aeronautics Branch took off, overseeing U.S. aviation for the next eight years. In 1934, the former Aeronautics Branch was renamed the Bureau of Air Commerce. In one of its first acts the Bureau worked with a group of airlines to set up the nation’s first air traffic control centers in Newark, New Jersey, Cleveland, Ohio, and Chicago, Illinois. In 1936, the Bureau assumed control of the three centers, thus establishing the concept of federal control over air traffic control operations at major airports. Focus Shifts to Safety In 1938, after a series of high-profile fatal accidents, the federal emphasis shifted to aviation safety with passage of the Civil Aeronautics Act. The law created the politically-independent Civil Aeronautics Authority (CAA), with a three-member Air Safety Board. As a forerunner of today’s National Transportation Safety Board, the Air Safety Board began investigating accidents and recommending how they could be prevented. As a pre-World War II defense measure, the CAA assumed control over air traffic control systems at all airports, including towers at small airports. In the post-war years, the federal government assumed responsibility for air traffic control systems at most airports. On June 30, 1956, a Trans World Airlines Super Constellation and a United Air Lines DC-7 collided over the Grand Canyon killing all 128 people on the two planes. The crash happened on a sunny day with no other air traffic in the area. The disaster, along with the growing use of jet airliners capable of speeds nearing 500 miles per hour, drove a demand for a more unified federal effort to ensure the safety of the flying public. Birth of the FAA On August 23, 1958, President Dwight D. Eisenhower signed the Federal Aviation Act, which transferred the old Civil Aeronautics Authoritys functions to a new independent, regulatory Federal Aviation Agency responsible for ensuring the safety of all aspects of non-military aviation. On December 31, 1958, the Federal Aviation Agency began operations with retired Air Force General Elwood Pete Quesada serving as its first administrator. In 1966, President Lyndon B. Johnson, believing a single coordinated system for federal regulation of all modes of land, sea and air transportation was needed, directed Congress to create the cabinet-level Department of Transportation (DOT). On April 1, 1967, the DOT began full operation and immediately changed the name of the old Federal Aviation Agency to the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA). On the same day, the accident investigation function of the old Air Safety Board was transferred to the new National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB).

Essay Man for all Seasons by Robert Bolt Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Man for all Seasons by Robert Bolt - Essay Example Bolt says in his Preface, e is harder to find than a unicorn...but I thought I heard once or twice, a rueful note of recognition.(xviii & xix). In the steward, the boatman and the jailer, all these contradictory elements are portrayed. All demonstrate the virtue of working hard for a living. Matthew faithfully serves More until he can no longer pay him the wages he is accustomed to, and can perceive the differences between a good person and one of little integrity, as he shows contempt for Rich. The boatman, though moaning about running costs and family commitments, seems to know his business and does his job well. The overly-cautious jailer says of his occupation, t's a job like any other job.(Act 2 p. 75). There are actually indications of some loyalty, which could be construed as worldly wisdom and shrewdness, but whatever the motivation, they exist. Matthew gives Cromwell and Chapuys useless information, hat I can tell them is common knowledge!..everyone wants value for his money.(Act 1 p. 25). The boatman stays to serve More, despite recognizing the power of Cromwell, he coming man. while the jailer refuses the fifty guinea bribe, I want no part of it. They can sort it out between them. I feel my deafness com ing on.(Act 2 p. 80). Matthew feels guilt when refusing to stay with a poorer More, but resentment flares because of how he perceives the world, believing More is tricking him when he expresses affection and says he will miss him. "Miss me What's in me for him to miss...I nearly fell for it. (Act 2 p. 57). It is not his nature to understand More's affection, considering he only wants a cheaper servant. So greed and expediency are presented, along with 'looking out for Number One.' Further proof of this is shown when he goes to work for Rich, h, I can manage this one. He's just my size!(Act 2 p 62), suggesting he sees similarities in their characters, things he does not respect, but accepting that is the way in his world. With the boatman, though willing to serve More, seeming to like and respect him, his own needs are paramount, expect you'll make it worth my while, sir.(Act 1, p. 14). The same attention to the self is expressed by the jailer when he orders More's family to leave on the dot of seven, des pite knowing this is their last moment together. 'm a plain simple man and just want to keep out of trouble.Act 2 p. 88). All three are motivated by serving their own needs, keeping themselves safe no matter what. They all lack moral courage to stand up for someone or something they respect and know to be worth supporting. These elements which exist in the Common Man in all his guises are present in every person. The 16th Century is declared at the outset as the 'century of the Common Man, but Bolt wanted to show the audience that this character is timeless. He is not necessarily bad or wicked, but like everyone, has virtues and vices, and is swayed by circumstances encountered in life. There is no doubt that he recognizes an intrinsically good person, but has not the courage or conviction to be associated with

Opportunity identification and selection in australia Research Paper

Opportunity identification and selection in australia - Research Paper Example years, with rising incomes in Asian and African countries, export opportunities have opened up and despite the low unit values of bread, innovations in processing and preservation of these products have made it worthwhile for companies involved in biscuit production to look into export markets. This report examines various external factors that are playing a significant role in the biscuit industry, especially in the context of recent developments. The baking sector in Australia is comprised of three primary sectors: (a) bread (b) biscuits and (c) cakes and pastries (www.daff.gov.au). Domestic consumption of biscuits is higher than exports and the sales of biscuit products contribute about a third of manufacturing turnover in the baking industry. According to the report on the baking industry which was published in 2001, 75% of the retail trade in biscuits occurs through supermarkets, with the market being concentrated and dominated by the major corporate entities, Arnotts and George Weston Foods; while exports had jumped to 63 million dollars with over 50% of these exports being directed towards New Zealand (www.daff.gov.au). These trends appear to be continuing because according to an industry upgrade report in 2006-7, the trends in the biscuit industry still show a preponderance of sales through giant supermarket chains. The biscuit industry has changed somewhat in the past decade. In Australia, the biscuit industry has traditionally been restricted to the domestic markets, but exports have been increasing. The major changes in the external environment which are necessitating changes in the operation of biscuit companies are (a) increasing automation of biscuit manufacture (b) the need to comply with Government regulation (c) changes in patterns of consumer nutrition (d) rationalisation and consolidation and (e) use of toll or contract manufacturing. All of these aspects are discussed further below, because they are the major external mandates which have

Design of various vehicle safety components Research Paper

Design of various vehicle safety components - Research Paper Example 1. Bumper Bumpers are the front-most and the rear-most parts of a vehicle. In most collisions, bumpers are the first point of contact for a vehicle. The bumper generally consists of a plastic cover over a reinforcement bar made of steel, aluminum, fiberglass or plastic. The bumper bar and its attachment are designed to crush in a low-speed crash to absorb energy. In some cases, polypropylene foam or formed thermoplastic is used in addition to or instead of crushable brackets and a bar. This allows for even more absorption of energy. By absorbing energy and getting crushed, the bumper creates inelastic collision by reducing the transfer of kinetic energy. The recent trend in bumper design, however, is related more to the pedestrian safety. 2. Crumple zones in cars Crumple zones are parts of the car that are designed to deform and crumple during collisions, thereby absorbing energy. These parts are typically in the front part of the vehicle, although they may also be in other parts of the vehicle. Crumple zones accomplish two safety goals: they reduce the initial force of crash and they redistribute the force before it reaches the passenger cabin. Crumple zones reduce the initial force of impact by creating a buffer perimeter around the most rigid parts of the car (engine and cabin).

The Golden Ratio: Importance

The Golden Ratio: Importance The great architect of age and every culture, the basis of which is Golden Ratio. Thesis statement: What is the Golden Ratio? How can one number be so important that countless historical figures have spent many years of their lives studying it and proving its existence? And why is it still so relevant in todays design and architecture? Introduction What is the most satisfying proportion in today design? The Greeks thought they knew. Their temples were designed according to certain rules relating to the golden section. (Which is what we, layman, know as the Divine Proportion, the Golden Proportion, the Golden Number or even the Golden hat Mean.) In the 13th century, Fibonnaci, an Italian mathematician, put it all down on paper. He said, the golden section or perfect proportion was 0.618034 to 1 (about 5 to 8). The Parthenon (a temple in the Athenian Acropolis that the Greeks built, dedicated to the Greek goddess Athena) fits into Fibonnacis Golden rectangle. Incidentally, so do the pyramids at Giza. Does this make the Golden proportion a necessary rule to follow in design? In the 16th century, Leonardo Da Vinci wrote a book on geometric recreations called Divine Proportion. In 1948 Le Corbusier also wrote a book on mathematical proportioning. Others who have benefited this ratio are biologists, artists, psychologists and even mystics have pondered and debated on the basis of ubiquity and appeal. It is fair to say that the Golden Ratio has inspired thinkers of all disciplines like no other numbers in the history of mathematics. Throughout the generations, many architects have also searched for the golden rule of design, thinking that it is that of the Golden Ratio. However, their search is far from over. This is because mathematics alone will not tell you what the most eye-pleasing proportion for a buildings structure is. Proportion must be generically correct and determined by the nature of the material. In other words, it is one thing for stone, another for concrete, and something else for steel. This, we would discuss further in another segment. Present technology has also given architects and engineers unlimited range to compose new forms of design and exciting spaces. My stand is that the Golden Ratio is an important aspect in designing a building but it is not the most crucial. Besides having proportion in a building, functionality is also important. A creative design through the creative intuition of a designer will make the building outstanding. History Background Renaissance Period The Golden Ratio is related to many things in the world today, not only during the times of Renaissance, Le Corbusier and Alberti. It exists in architecture, art, music, design and even fashion. Since Renaissance, many artists and architects have proportioned their works to the Golden Ratio, especially in the form of golden rectangle, in which the ratio of the longer side to the shorter in the Golden Ratio, causing this proportion to be aesthetically pleasing. Mathematicians have studied this because of its unique and interesting properties applying it to geometry. Since then, it has opened up doors for me how I view design and architecture and how it balances harmony to architecture design in this modern world. Others who have benefited this ratio are biologists, artists, psychologists and even mystics have pondered and debated on the basis of ubiquity and appeal. It is fair to say that the Golden Ratio has inspired thinkers of all disciplines like no other numbers in the history of mathematics. B Body The Golden Ratio in the Past Firstly, let us consider what the ancients were trying to achieve by including the Golden Proportion in their design. Taking the building of the Parthenon temple as an example, the Greeks have shown a clear example of proportioned Golden Ratio and design, with it being circumscribed by golden rectangles. Some scholars, however, denied that the Greeks had any aesthetic association with Golden Ratio. It could have been just pure sense of good proportion by the architects at that time. Making a building pleasing to ones eyes and creating harmony in space was the main objective. the Greeks simply wanted to achieve perfection that pleases their God, Athena. The Parthenons facade is, or? Unlikely I feel, as it is seen from the pictures, the measurements and the superimpose golden rectangles, these choices are so well made that there must be some work of the mathematical calculations to derive such proportioned structure of a building. They feel that it was not until Euclid that mathematical properties were studied. Before Elements (308BC) the Greek merely regarded the number merely as an interesting irrational numbers, with regular pentagons and decagons and dodecahedron (a regular polyhedron) and regular pentagons. But one thing for sure, it was the Euclid where it is showed how to calculate the value. Vitruvius (a Roman writer, architect and engineer) discussed proportions where it can be expressed in whole numbers, as opposed to irrational proportions. Secondly, Are modern designers concerned with the issue of Golden Ratio to architectural design? Whether they still apply Golden Ratio? Le Corbusier is said to have contributed to many modern international style architecture, centering on harmony and proportion. Its faith in the mathematical order was closely bound by the Golden Ratio and the Fibonacci series. He uses the Golden Ratio in his modulor system for the scale of architectural proportion. He saw this system as a continuation of the long tradition of Vitruvius, and others who used the proportions of the human body, to improve the appearance and function of architecture. In addition to Golden Ratio, Le Corbusier based the system on human measurements, Fibonacci numbers and the double unit. He took Leonardos suggestion of the Great Ratio in human proportions to an extreme, he sectioned his model human bodys height at the navel with the two sections in the Golden Ratio, then subdivided those sections in Golden Ratio at the knees and throat; he used these Golden Ratio proportions in the Modulor system. The Villa Stein in Garches exemplified the Modular system. The Villas rectangular ground, elevation and inner structure closely approximate golden rectangles. Thirdly, Fractal Dimensions in Modern Architecture Recently, fractal dimensions have been calculated to be used frequently for Frank Lloyd Wrights and Le Corbusiers buildings. It can be found that both architects use the method of increasingly smaller rectangular grids. Frank Lloyd Wrights buildings display a self-similar characteristic over a wide range of scales (far and spaced versus micro small sizes), so those buildings are intrinsically fractal. However for this specific project, Wright was following the brilliant example of his teacher, Louis Sullivan. By contrast, Le Corbusiers architecture displays a characteristic over only two or three of the largest scales. In more detail, Le Corbusiers architecture is flat and straight, and therefore has no fractal qualities. A fractal dimension between one and two characterizes a design that has an infinite number of self-similar levels of scale, whereas the fractal dimension of Le Corbusiers buildings immediately drops to one. (Bovill, 1996. Salingaros, 1999.) Golden Ratio has also proven in the Art and Nature Leonardo da Vincis illustrated yet another divine proportion in the infamous painting of Mona Lisa. Other equally well known painting which has made use of the Golden Ratio is The Sacrament of the Last Supper by Salvador Dali. The Golden Ratio is expressed in the arrangement of branches along the stems of plants and of veins in leaves and even to the skeletons of animals including their veins and nerves, to the proportions of chemical compounds and the geometry of crystals, to the use of proportion in artistic endeavours. From this, the Golden Ratio has become a universal law in strive to create completeness and beauty, with both nature and art, in structure, forms and proportions, organic and inorganic, in the human form. According to Volkmar Weiss and Harold Weiss the Golden Ratio also affects the clock cycle of brain waves, known as psychometric data. Golden Ratio is Relevance in Present Times Modernising the Traditional Intimate Relationship Between Architecture and Mathematics The traditional intimate relationship between architecture and mathematics has changed in the 20th century. Architecture students no longer need to have a mathematical background according to the article Architecture, Patterns and Mathematics by Nikos Salingaros. It may be promoting an anti-mathematical mindset. Mathematics is a science of patterns, the presence or absence of patterns in our surroundings influences how easily one grasp the concepts that rely on patterns. However, it has been seen that an increase in technological advances, rather especially in the area of environmental factors, has made mathematics almost redundant in architecture. Environmental psychologists know that our surroundings influence the way we think, so if we are raised in an anti-mathematical environment, then we would deem to subscribe more human qualities. This is not an argument about preferences or styles, it concerns more about a trained functionality of the human mind! An example to illustrate the meaning of functionality in the human mind is made by Christopher Alexander where: the need for lights from two sides of a room; a well-defined entrance; interaction of footpaths and car roads; hierarchy of privacy in different rooms of a house and etc. It speaks about specific building types, about building blocks that can be combined in an infinite number of ways. This implies a more mathematical and combinatoric approach to design in general. Alexandrine patterns represent solutions which repeat itself in time and space, thus relating to visual patterns transforming into other dimensions. A new concept: Organic Architecture In recent years, there has been a shift in architecture looking away from Golden Ratio to other ways in which design can still have a sense of proportion by looking at nature for inspiration; the term given is Organic Architecture. The term organic architecture was coined by the famous modern architect, Frank Lloyd Wright (1867-1959), though never well expressed by his cryptic style of writing: So here I stand before you preaching organic architecture: declaring organic architecture to be the modern ideal and the teaching so much needed if we are to see the whole of life, and to now serve the whole of life, holding no traditions essential to the great TRADITION. Nor cherishing any preconceived form fixing upon us either past, present or future, but instead exalting the simple laws of common sense or of super-sense if you prefer determining form by way of the nature of materials Frank Lloyd Wright, written in 1939. While Organic Architecture does describe some form of individuality, it also expresses our need to connect the designs, we create, to Nature. Using Nature as a fundamental for design, from there a building or design must grow, as Nature grows, from the inside out. Many architects design their buildings as that similar to a shell and force their way inside. Nature grows from the idea of a seed and reaches out to its surroundings. A building thus, is akin to an organism and mirrors the beauty and complexity of Nature. Where the Golden Ratio Fits In However, in the research that I have done on this topic, many of the historic scholars who devoted their entire lives to studying the Golden Ratio has always studied nature for inspiration and they derived the Golden Ratio from nature itself. Modern architects who claim to move away from the Golden Ratio as it is too conformist and look towards nature for their inspiration for proportion instead still end up following the Golden Ratio as it was from studying nature that led to the discovery of Golden Ratio. Hence, the continuing relevance of Golden Ratio in todays architecture. How the Golden Ratio is evident in our everyday lives The Golden Ratio seen in Music Rhythm is everywhere in nature, at every scale from cosmic phenomena to the oscillations of atoms. Our every cell has its own clock, governing its own repetitive rhythms. Time itself, once measured by the motion of earth, sun and stars, is now defined, less memorably, as 9,192,631,770 oscillations of a single atom of an obscure metal. At the scale of the biosphere, the fidelity of replication in the genetic system is such that no more than about 200 errors are made in copying the 300 million bases strung into the chromosomes that hoard the design of our bodies. Without those errors, however, there could be no change and so no evolution. With this is mind, we shall now look at how rhythm ties in with the Golden Ratio. Much of the rhythm and movement and design of our bodies and normal everyday life experiences all tie in with the Golden Ratio, how we perceive an object and whether we find it pleasing all goes back to the Golden Ratio. Because it is the one of the universal constants that allow for the interactions between all things on earth, it continues to hold relevance in our lives, regardless of the advancements in technology, which in fact is actually discovering more and more how life and design is so intimately associated with the Golden Ratio. Architectural evidence of the Golden Ratio Take a look at modern architecture and you will soon realize that the last decades have produced an increasing number of buildings with exotic shapes. Of course, also in earlier times the design of buildings has been influenced by mathematical ideas regarding, for instance, symmetry. Both historical and modern developments show that mathematics can play an important role, ranging from appropriate descriptions of designs to guiding the designers intuition. C Case study Case Study One: Republic Poly Technology of Singapore by Fumihiko Maki Fumihiko Maki designed the new campus attempting to preserve the green qualities and the topography of the original site introducing landscape elements that contrast with the natural widerness and strengthen the sense of place based on Golden Ratio. Case Study Two: AL Mukminin Mosque In Jurong East by Forum Architects built in 1987 The adoption of the Fibonacci sequence as a design generator is the intriguing concept of this Mosque, a strong arithmetic pattern. The architects involved with questions of context and the sense of harmony is gathered from the aspiration. Case Study Three: Palladios Villa Rotunda. The Villa Rotonda design is completely symmetrical on all axes under a modern teminology, including diagonals. Case Study Four: Taj Mahai Taj Mahai in India contains the golden ratio in its design and it was completed in 1648. Case Study Five: CN Tower in Toronto The CN Tower in Toronto, the tallest tower structure in the world, has contains the also has golden ratio in its design. 342 meters was the ratio of observation deck and total height of 553.33 is 0.618 or phi, the reciprocal of Phi! Case Study Six: California Polytechnic State University The College of Engineering was also designed based on the Fibonacci number What I have perceived until this moment In my analysis, Golden Ratio forms the basis of understanding of architecture, however it is not the entirety. Because form follow function, function plays an important part of the architectural design because without understanding the functionally of form, it is not possible to develop a building of good use, for example a good architect must be able to understand the utility of function. For example, the architect must know how many rooms a house needs, whether a swimming pool is required or a badminton court needed. After a form is selected and function must go beyond the concerns of biotechnical materialism. The creative architects must go beyond utility technical knowledge to an awareness of experiential associations and symbolic meanings that lies behind the visible form. Beauty in design is not guaranteed when all of the above is satisfied. Some intuition is required by the architect and an outstanding design depends also in skill and intuition with functionality. Therefore, the great architect of age and every culture, the basis of which is mathematical. Word count : 2953

Politics and Poverty Essay -- Essays on Politics

Politics and Poverty Today there is a split in American politics on how to combat poverty. Throughout history, how America combats poverty has changed depending on what party is running the government. There has been a number of different parties however, Republican, Democrat, The Bull Moose Party, and other various ones. However, these views can be put into two main categories: The Liberal ideology and the Conservative ideology. There are three areas, which have broad and differing views on how to combat poverty. Those three being, Welfare, Social Security, and Taxes. The following arguments present how those different perspectives affect the poverty issue in America today. Conservative Ideology Conservatives generally go with the perspective that less is more. Most would side with the argument that less government action is a better approach for society as a whole. Rather than promoting the idea of social equality, like the Liberal perspective, they promote social inequality. Most would like little government regulation and intervention of economy. Conservatives have the "big business" and "trickle down" theory, that even though the rich stay rich, their wealth will eventually reach the poor and poverty-stricken. Liberal Ideology Liberals usually have the perspective that the government should help the people much more than they do presently, with more programs such as welfare (etc.). Liberals generally agree that the government should intervene, regulate, and promote the economy and ensure fairness in society always. Government policies are indeed needed and necessary for citizens to fulfill their daily needs. Most also do agree with a "free-market" society, however, they stress the need for government policies. Welf... ...Radio Address on the Economy." Democratic National Committee. Raul Grijalva. 26 Oct. 2002. http://www.democrats.org/news/200210300002.html "Senate Republicans Back President's Welfare Reform Plan." United States Senate Republican Policy Committee. 18 June 2002. 8 Dec. 2002 <http://www.senate.gov/~rpc/releases/1999/wf061802.htm> "Highlights of the Libertarian Party's 'Ending the Welfare State' Proposal." Libertarian Party: The Party of Principle. 1994-2001. 8 Dec. 2002. <http://www.lp.org/issues/welfare.html> "Who Gets Welfare?" Feminist Majority Foundation. 1996. 8 Dec. 2002. <http://www.feminist.org/other/budget/welfare/welfare.htm> Rector, Robert. Implementing Welfare Reform and Restoring Marriage. "Liberal Views on the Issues." Liberal Politics: U.S. What you need to know about. 8 Dec. 2002. < http://usliberals.about.com/library/blisswelfare.htm>