The Sentencing Policy And The Criminal Justice System

There are many current criminal justice policies and laws that demonstrate how the policy has been informed by the theories that have been covered this semester. Many connections are not explicit but offer great detail in offering information based on the given topics. The current criminal justice policy that I’ve chosen was the sentencing policy. The sentencing policy was put together to reach every type of case that could possibly be seen in the criminal justice system. Here we will further discuss the sentencing policy, a case that I found to be a great example to understand the sentencing policy and how it can be overused, then we will move into how this policy have been informed by the rational choice theory, next we will cover its underlying assumptions and some of the ways it deviate, lastly we will discuss our alternative course of action which is the deterrence theory. In 1984 there was a Sentencing Reform Act and it was developed to enhance the ability of the criminal justice system to handle and effective and fair sentencing system (United States Sentencing Commission, 2015). To successfully reach the goal and purpose of the sentencing policy there must first be honesty in the verdicts of all sentencing (United States Sentencing Commission, 2015). Secondly, there must be reasonable uniformity when sentencing similar offenders who committed the same sort of crime (United States Sentencing Commission, 2015). Third, there must be proportionality when sentencing withShow MoreRelatedThe Law Of A Uniform Sentencing Guidelines1126 Words   |  5 Pagesoffenders. In India, a uniform sentencing policy does not exist, as neither the legislature nor the judiciary has supplied any formal guidelines. However, the need for the same has been repeatedly recognized by both. For instance, the Committee on Reforms of Criminal Justice System (Malimath Committee) pu blished its report in March 2003, stating the need for uniform sentencing guidelines: The Committee recommends that a statutory Committee be constituted to lay down sentencing guidelines to regulate theRead MoreThe Goals of Sentencing in the Criminal Justice System1747 Words   |  7 PagesThe Goals of Sentencing in the Criminal Justice System By: Brian Ouellette Criminal Justice CCJ 1020 Mr. Leonardo Cadogan Abstract In the United States there is no standard when it comes to punishment and sentencing. This area of the  criminal justice system is in a constant state of change. Sentencing practices and goals are always being closely examined. From getting tough on crime to more rehabilitative approaches, the views and goals of sentencing are always beingRead MoreMandatory Minimum Sentencing Laws For Drug Offences1089 Words   |  5 Pagesmandatory minimum sentencing laws for drug offences. This issue has been extensively researched by Kieran Riley with an article in the Boston University Law Journal titled â€Å"Trial by Legislature: Why Statutory Mandatory Minimum Sentences Violate the Separation of Powers Doctrine†, Paul Cassell and Erik Luna with a peer-reviewed scholarly article titled â€Å"Sense and Sensibility in Mandatory Minimum Sentencing†, and the Families Against Mandatory Minimums organization with a policy report. All of theseRead MoreCriminal Punishment And The Criminal Justice System1193 Words   |  5 Pagesthe criminal justice system apply as much influence over the life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness of criminal offenders as the final sentencing decision. Judges have an extensive range of sentencing options. These options range from fines, restitution, and probation to incarceration in jail or prison. For much of the 20th century, criminal sentencing practices remained largely unchanged in the United States. Over the past few decades, we have witnessed a practical revolution in criminal punishmentRead More235764916 CJA 394 Week 1 Criminal Justice Overview Paper SAMPLE page only1665 Words   |  7 Pagesselected issue affects the criminal justice system as a whole. †¢ Describe some of the change(s) the criminal justice system as a whole has made in response to the issue you selected. †¢ Include your opinion on whether the changes are sufficient. Should more changes be made, and if so, what changes?   Format your paper consistent with APA guidelines. Prison Overcrowding CJA/394 Prison Overcrowding One of the greatest challenges currently facing the American criminal justice system is overcrowding. AmericaRead MoreThe Failure of the War on Drugs Essay1529 Words   |  7 Pagesboth the incarceration rates and activities of the criminal justice system. Many politicians and advocates of the policy claim that the War on Drugs is a necessary element to deter criminal behavior and reduce the crime rate. However, studies show that drug deterrent policies on possession and use have been inadequate and unsuccessful (Cole Gertz, 2013). Studies also show that the War on Drugs has not attained its objectives because the policy exhibits racial discrepancy as it has led to the disproportionateRead MoreMandatory Minimum Sentencing On Violent Crimes Essay1492 Words   |  6 PagesJ’son West Nov. 12. 2016 CJ 202 Canon Mandatory Minimum Sentencing on Violent Crimes Crime in America is growing at a substantial rate and repeat offenders are playing a huge roll in this growth. Mandatory minimum sentences, first established in Connecticut in 1969 and expanded throughout the 1980s and 1990s, exemplify a shift in public policy to impose a specific amount of imprisonment based on the crime committed and the defendant’s criminal history, and away from other individual offender characteristicsRead MoreCriminal Justice Systems And Its Effect On Parole Board1711 Words   |  7 PagesVictoria criminal justice systems , are designed to regulate members’ attitudes in the society, implement law and order, and to bring those offenders who commit crimes before the court of justice. In the assessment paper, observation was conducted through a range of scholarly research/ newspaper reports, articles, The age, Herald Sun, Victorian General news wires. Critical analysis , was also conducted to different issues, thus; Victorian government tougher sentencing on crimes to implementRead MoreThe Sentencing Reform Act Of 19841526 Words   |  7 PagesThe Sentencing Reform Act is associated with the Comprehensive Crime Control Act of 1984, were the U.S. federal statute increased the consistency in the United States federal sentencing. The Sentencing Reform Act created the United States Sentencing Commission. This act allowed the independent commission into the judicial branch of the United States Sentencing Commission. It consists of seven voting members and one nonvoting member. For the sake of the United States Sentencing Commission, thereRead MoreJuvenile Justice And Criminal Justice1368 Words   |  6 Pages The border between juvenile justice and criminal justice did not endure the juvenile court’s first century. By the 1980s, there was general disappointment with both the means and the ends of normal juvenile justice. As with every other social repair efforts, it is difficult to say whether frustration with juvenile justice was born of erroneous concept or of wretched execution. The administering accepted by justice policy, however, was unmistakable. Juvenile courts began to adopt the sentiment and

Financial Analysis of Halliburton Essay - 1517 Words

In 2010, Halliburton produced revenue of $17,973 billion and operating income of $3,009 billion, reflecting an operating margin of approximately 17%. Revenue increased by $3,298 billion, or 22% from 2009, while operating income increased $1,015 billion, or 51% from 2009. According to Halliburton’s 2010 Annual Report, â€Å"these increases were due to its customers’ higher capital spending throughout 2010, led by increased drilling activity and pricing improvements in North America† (Hal 2010 annual report). However, Halliburton remains cautious because of the shifts in oil and natural gas prices and supply/demand factors. These â€Å"shifts† are important for equipment and services providers in the oil and gas industry because it affects the†¦show more content†¦Several financial ratios can be considered when looking at a company’s economic performance. However, given all the possibilities it is important to focus on a few key areas that ar e functionally related. Therefore, for the purpose of analyzing Halliburton’s financial position as well as its competitors, some common ratios can be used such as current ratio, debt-to-total assets, inventory turnover, average collection period, net profit margin, and return on total assets (ROA). The first ratio to evaluate is the Current Ratio, which is calculated as current assets divided by current liabilities. Halliburton’s 2010 current ratio is 3.22, which improved from 2.99 in 2009 and from 2.66.in 2008. This ratio shows that Halliburton has a strong increasing liquidity and is in much better shape than its competitors. Baker Hughes has a 2010 current ratio of 2.77 and Schlumberger has a 2010 current ratio of 1.67. Therefore, Halliburton is in a better financial position to meet its short-term obligations. The second ratio to evaluate is Debt-To-Total Assets Ratio, which is calculated as total debt divided by total assets. Halliburton’s debt-to-total assets of .43 has improved from the 2009 ratio of .47 and the 2008 ratio of .46 given it a stronger position in the industry. The low level shows very manageable debt allowing Halliburton to take advantage of the rising demand for oil andShow MoreRelatedFinancial Analysis : Halliburton Company1354 Words   |  6 PagesHalliburton Company â€Å"Financial analysis consists of the quantitative and qualitative aspects of measuring the relative financial position among firms and industries† (Gibson, 2014, p.216). The analysis provided throughout this work will consist of a vertical and horizontal analysis of both the income statement and balance sheet for Halliburton Company. Based on the findings and assumptions made from the results of the data and investigation through the managers notes and other resource to concludeRead MoreExecutive Summary : Halliburton Company1662 Words   |  7 PagesExecutive Summary Halliburton Company provides a range of services and products for the exploration, development and production of oil and natural gas to oil and gas companies worldwide. As there have been many changes in the various financial statements for Halliburton there was a need for a balanced score card. The Balance score card will help Halliburton improve its performance and ensure that it is performing as per its vision and mission. The approach used in the balanced score to track theRead MoreCompany Case Study : Halliburton Company1031 Words   |  5 PagesHALLIBURTON COMPANY Company summary: Halliburton Company is a company that operates in natural gas and oil industry and they provide the following services: i. Locating hydrocarbon ii. Managing geological data iii. Formation and drilling evaluation iv. Construction and completion of wells v. Optimizing production on the oil fields. The company is located in the State of Delaware and it was established in the year 1919 and then incorporated under the law in 1924. It is a global company as it servesRead MoreComparative Analysis of 2 Newspaper Articles About Lance Armstrong Stepping Down as Ceo of Livestrong2680 Words   |  11 PagesA comparative analysis of 2 newspaper articles from different publications, both reporting the same issue. Abstract This paper compares 2 newspaper articles from different publications, both centered on the same issue. After a brief background of the publications and the journalists, this paper will provide an initial analysis of the coverage. The articles will then be further analyzed based on the following criteria: * Intended audience * Objectivity * Accuracy amp; documentation Read MoreThe Social Responsibility Of Business2053 Words   |  9 Pagesadoption can be justified by, Nobel laureate and Milton Friedman, who stated in The New York Times Magazine, â€Å"The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits.† This theory can be justified by Wharton (the online research and business analysis journal of the Wharton School of the University of Pennsylvania.) Stating; â€Å"Companies care about CSR because their customers do†(Wharton); This has a degree of validity because recently, there have been high levels of stress on protecting and preservingRead MoreOil And The Deep Water Horizon Drilling Platform5125 Words   |  21 Pagesmeasure and record these cost to then compare he input results to output or actual results to aid company management in measuring financial performance. i. First order or accounting cost Accounting cost is the total amount or monetary value of expended or used in performing an activity. These amounts are then recorded in journal entries and ledgers and then used to create financial statements (Investopedia, 2015). Accounting cost is very well known to be use for internal and external reporting purposesRead MoreNegligence Of Social Contract And Its Breaching2467 Words   |  10 Pagessales as well as the operating revenues. But in year 2010, in month of April .the explosion of BP-deep water Horizon oil caused the largest maritime disaster oil spill in Us History. STAKEHOLDERS RESPONSIBILITES AND PROBLEMS According to the analysis of stakeholders of BP over the oil spills of BP and its compensation mechanism to minimize the damages Corporate Social responsibility (CSR) is the concept of co-operate self governance to ensure compliance with the law and ethical standards. SeveralRead MoreCase Study: BP and the Gulf of Mexico Oil Spill3602 Words   |  15 Pagesrig – Transocean and Halliburton. Was this disaster strictly a BP failure or an industry accident? To understand responsibilities in this incident, we can study the actions of the players of the offshore drilling sub-industry into three – government policies by the regulatory bodies such as the MMS (Mineral Management Service) and other government agencies, industry practices as a whole and actions by specific companies, in this case, BP, Transocean and Halliburton. The regulatory body MMSRead MoreRed Flags For Risk Management From The Corporate Governance Of Bear Stearns And Lehman Brothers1606 Words   |  7 Pagesfavor and reward short-term performance. We put a red flag on this area. This conclusion is based on the facts that management job security and salaries rely on the company performance, which gives management level incentive to commit fraudulent financial reporting activities. 2) Older Directors When we see the component of Bear Stearns Board of Directors, with thirteen member, eleven member are older than 60-years old. Same situation happened in the Lehman Brothers, among eleven Board of DirectorsRead MoreThe Between India And India Essay1375 Words   |  6 Pagesprocess, and by 1984, the Bhopal Union Carbide India Limited plant was operating at one-fifth of the capacity that was required (Peterson 8). The reluctance of Union Carbide to close the plant and remove all toxic chemicals in the face of overwhelming financial losses ultimately led to the explosion of Methyl-Isocyanate tanks in the factory, killing thousands of people in the aftermath. The Indian government’s attempts to corral the Union Carbide India Limited corporation ultimately failed, resulting in

Health Care Support Services free essay sample

Healthcare Support Services New to Health Care With today’s social, cultural, political and economic shifts, public health has become a huge topic of concern. More and more communities are depending on public health organizations for information, education and assistance in maintaining a healthy society. In The Untilled Fields of Public Health, Charles-Edward Amory Winslow defines public health as â€Å"the science and art of preventing diseases, prolonging life and promoting health through the organized efforts and informed choices of society, organizations, public and private, communities and individuals. Public health is a non exclusive entity. In public health, the â€Å"community† in which an issue is concerned with includes all people affected by a specific concern, illness, affliction, policy or law. Public health considers the community, not an individual, as the patient in which a proactive stance is taken, rather than a reactive one. Public health uses demog raphics and statistics to predict health issues and acts in accordance with those predictions to try and prevent illness or disease that a community might be at a high risk for. Public health accomplishes this by promoting awareness through providing education and information, as well as providing services that might be needed for the prevention of said illness or disease. The demographics of public health, as a whole, are non existent. Public health is an all inclusive organization. They do not exclude any one culture, race, income grade, region or country. Public health, as a whole, is concerned with the health of the population of the entire world. Every community, no matter how big or small, or how rich or poor, or where it’s located has its own public health concerns. That is the basis of public health as a whole. However, demographics can be applied to smaller groups or communities on a case by case basis. For instance, a few years ago when the Swine Flu was spreading across the world and there were concerns of a pandemic breakout, demographically it was contained to Mexico or people who had traveled in or out of Mexico or people who had had contact with those travelers. The Swine Flu originated in Mexico, therefore the demographic statistics show a higher percentage of Hispanics in Mexico afflicted than, for example, Asians in the United States. Public health offers many types of services. These services might include educational services, public awareness, printed information, handing out supplies and many other activities. Public health encompasses a broad scope of public services offered both by the government and private sectors of a community. Some types of services that are offered through organizations that belong to the public health scope might be nutrition education and assistance, such as Women, Infants and Children, better known as WIC or the SNAP program through the Department of Health and Human Services, better known as the Food Stamp Program. Both of these services offer education and information on better nutrition of children and families, as well as financial assistance for purchasing healthier foods. Another organization that is encompassed by the public health definition would be vaccination clinics for children and elderly. These programs provide immunizations at low or no cost in order to prevent illness and disease. Without programs such as these, disease would be spread more rapidly and affect more and more of the population. Public health is fast becoming a new philanthropic trend as well. More and more individuals and businesses are contributing financially to the public health industry. The idea that educating and informing a community in order to make them more aware of health concerns is quickly being realized as a valid way of preventing and controlling the spread of illness and disease, therefore more people are donating time, money and effort toward public health. The idea that a community can self determine their health, lifestyle and even their own mortality rate through education, information, awareness and healthier lifestyle practices is a leading force in the promotion of public health. A well educated and proactive community can become healthier, more preventative of disease and therefore have a lower mortality rate. Educating communities on such issues as the prevention of sexually transmitted diseases, obesity, drug abuse, cancers, HIV and AIDS and how they relate to the community statistically and demographically can make that community more aware of the concern and how it relates to them. This information can quite literally make the difference in an epidemic becoming a pandemic. Public health takes the concerns of a community and learns rom them, educates the public, works to prevent the reoccurrence of the issue at hand, and studies the statistics and information obtained to try to prevent it from happening again or in another community. This plays a vital role in the health care industry because it lessens the frequency of illness and disease, which in turn reduces the cost of health care overall. I chose public health because I feel public health services a nd programs will contribute to making the world healthier and reducing diseases world wide. Also, public health will provide new avenues for low income and minorities to become healthier through the programs offered by public health organizations. Some low income and minorities do not have equitable access to healthy foods, lifestyles or medical care, especially preventative health care that others have. I feel this is a huge contributor to disease and illness in those demographic areas and public health can remedy this problem through education and services offered. For me, working in the public health sector of the health care industry would be time and research intensive but would be extremely rewarding personally and publicly. Working to make communities more aware, preventing illness and disease, assisting in legislature, community advocacy and doing it all within the scope of public health would be a most fulfilling and desirable position for me in the health care industry. In a nutshell, public health is an all encompassing, all inclusive sector of the health care industry that holds a blind eye to race, economic status, culture and region but that has its eyes wide open in realizing education and preventative health care can, and will, make the difference. References: Winslow,C. -E. A. â€Å"The Untilled Fields of Public Health,† Science, n. s. 51 (1920), p. 23